Pass Rate — fraction of plays that are pass attempts (includes sacks and scrambles)

EPA — Expected Points Added per play; measures how much a play improved scoring expectation

DQS — Decision Quality Score; weighted percentage of plays where the coach chose the EPA-optimal call (run or pass)

EPA Left on Table — total EPA gap on plays where the coach chose the non-optimal call

Stubbornness — how often the coach chose the inferior call when the EPA gap was large (>0.1)

Winnable Rate — percentage of losses where the margin was less than the EPA left on the table that game

Baseline — pooled 1999–2025 historical EPA by game state (down, distance, field position, score, half)